An Egg Shell: A Nutritional Profile and Health Benefits

Calcium is one of the most fundamentally significant and essential component for the human body since it makes up the majority of the skeletal system in humans (98%). The goal of the present review study was to discuss calcium’s importance in everyday life, calcium absorption theories, eggshell (ES) deposition, and its nutritional makeup. There are two phases to ES formation. 5.5 grams of calcium carbonate, or about 95% of the dry ES, are present. One ES contains traces of sodium, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper as well as 0.3% phosphorus, 0.3% magnesium, and sodium, potassium, zinc, manganese, and iron. Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption; hence, calcium bioavailability is influenced by dietary calcium intake as well as vitamin D status. Calcium may reabsorb at a number of places along the nephron. Intestinal acidity (particularly for CaCO3 absorption), oestrogen, vitamin D, and soluble fibre/prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are some of the elements that have been shown to favourably boost calcium absorption. Pulsed electric fields, high-energy milling, and electric discharge-assisted mechanical milling are relevant techniques that have been studied and might be used to extract calcium from ESs. Researchers looked at the health benefits of eggshells and different ways to get the calcium out of eggshells to see if they could be used to make a good calcium supplement

Artificial intelligence applications in disease diagnosis and treatment: recent progress and outlook

The use of computers and other technologies to replicate human-like intelligent behaviour and critical thinking is known as artificial intelligence (AI).The development of AI-assisted applications and big data research has accelerated as a result of the rapid advancements in computing power, sensor technology, and platform accessibility that have accompanied advances in artificial intelligence. AI models and algorithms for planning and diagnosing endodontic procedures. The search engine evaluated information on artificial intelligence (AI) and its function in the field of endodontics, and it also incorporated databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct with the search criterion of original research articles published in English. Online appointment scheduling, online check-in at medical facilities, digitization of medical records, reminder calls for follow-up appointments and immunisation dates for children and pregnant women, as well as drug dosage algorithms and adverse effect warnings when prescribing multidrug combinations, are just a few of the tasks that already use artificial intelligence. Data from the review supported the conclusion that AI can play a significant role in endodontics, including the identification of apical lesions, classification and numbering of teeth, detection of dental caries, periodontitis, and periapical disease, diagnosis of various dental problems, aiding dentists in making referrals, and helping them develop more precise treatment plans for dental disorders. Although artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to drastically alter how medicine is practised in ways that were previously unthinkable, many of its practical applications are still in their infancy and need additional research and development. Over the past ten years, artificial intelligence in ophthalmology has grown significantly and will continue to do so as imaging techniques and data processing algorithms improve